The Typical Russian Soldier or NCO (non commissioned officer) training lasted 3 months. However, if the soldier was deemed a position as a specialist (Artillery, Armoured, Signals, etc.) or low-level infantry Commanding Officer such as a Jr. Lieutenant, their training would last up to a year.
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From 1941-42 there was a shortage of rifles and ammunition. Because frontline troops took priority of equipment, training units adopted the practice of assigning one rifle per three men.
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In October of 1941, training in many units was cut short and reserves were sent to the frontline. Since fresh recruits were usually distributed among seasoned troops, they continued their training on the front lines. That is if they survived the first three attacks, as that was known as the most critical period for recruits.
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The Soviets both started and ended the war with more tanks then the rest of the world combined. This was around 18,000-22,000. At the start of World War II the most common tank in Soviet army was the T-26. This was a lightly armoured vehicle armed with a 45 mm gun capable of penetrating most German tanks at normal combat ranges. Few of the tanks had radios although The design was mechanically sound.
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